ReviewLITERATURE REVIEW OF RADIOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS OF INTERNAL ORGANS IN PSITTACIFORMES
Section snippets
Heart
The heart has been well studied in birds with many reference measurements of this vital organ already available. Antemortem diagnosis of heart disease in parrots is very important because older birds are known to develop heart pathology.3 A recent retrospective study reported that necropsy examinations diagnosed (undiagnosed) congestive heart failure in 9.7% of a total of 269 Psittaciformes.4 Consequently, developing reliable antemortem methods to diagnose heart disease is important with
CONCLUSION
Table 1 summarizes which radiographic images are best used to measure the specific coelomic organ listed. It is important to realize that for a full radiographic examination 2 projections are mandatory.
Table 2 provides an overview of which measurements have been useful to analyze the coelomic organs discussed in this article. All measurements used for the ratios are summarized in schematic drawings shown in Figures 9 and 10. The best method to assess the size of the avian heart was determined
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