TOPICS IN MEDICINE AND SURGERYBlood Concentrations of Enrofloxacin and the Metabolite Ciprofloxacin in Yellow-Bellied Slider Turtles (Trachemys scripta scripta) After a Single Intracoelomic Injection of Enrofloxacin
Section snippets
Animal Treatment and Sampling
Twenty-one yellow-bellied slider turtles of undetermined sex, with body weights ranging from 0.25 to 1.9 kg (mean: 0.9 kg), were used for this research study. The turtles were supplied by a local park and were conditioned for a 2-week period prior to starting the study. Turtles were judged to be in good health based on physical examination at the time of acquisition and through daily observation of behavior and appetite. These observations and health determinations were made by specialized
Results
Immediately after the 10 mg/kg injection of E, animals demonstrated rapid, uncoordinated movements for several seconds. These effects were transient and no other difficulties in walking or swimming were noted throughout the remainder of the study.
The HPLC method was specific and could determine concentration of both C (retention time 5.2 ± 0.1 minutes) and E (retention time 6.6 ± 0.1 minutes) in the sample. A chromatographic peak eluting at a retention time (RT) following E (RT 7.7 ± 0.1
Discussion
The E dose administered to the turtles in this investigation was selected based on previous turtle pharmacokinetic studies.4, 5 In those previous studies, animals injected via the intracoelomic route were found to develop local irritation and soft tissue necrosis.4, 5, 18, 19 The concentrations of the E in those studies ranged from 25 to 100 mg/mL, which is 2.5 to 10× higher than the dose used for the current study (10 mg/mL). These reported side effects led some authors to claim that oral
Conclusions
A single injection of E produced a long-lasting pharmacokinetic profile in yellow-bellied slider turtles. The dose of 10 mg/kg administered in a 10 mg/mL solution via the intracoelomic route appeared to be safe and achieved optimal pharmacodynamic parameters. The recommended frequency of treatment using the intracoelomic route is about 6 to 7 days if multiple dosage studies are conducted. Some concerns arose from the consequences of treated turtles potentially entering the human food chain based
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by atheneum funds (e.g., 60% University of Pisa). Any external funding did not support the preparation of the manuscript. The authors would like to thank Dr E. Owen (University of Queensland, Australia) for editing the manuscript.
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