Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine
Volume 18, Issue 4 , Pages 311-313 , October 2009

Pimobendan

  • Hugues Beaufrère, Dr Med Vet

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: Hugues Beaufrère, Dr Med Vet, Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Dr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
  • ,
  • Romain Pariaut, Dr Med Vet, Dip. ACVIM (Cardiology), Dip. ECVIM-CA (Cardiology)

References 

  1. Kitzen JM, Winbury MM. Pimobedan. Cardiovasc Drug Rev. 1989;6:265–291
  2. Endoh M. Symposium: novel inotropic mechanisms—a new horizon for heart failure. Cardiovasc Drug Ther. 2001;15:397–403
  3. Fitton A, Brogden RN. Pimobendan (A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic potential in congestive heart failure). Drug Aging. 1994;4:417–441
  4. Kieso HA, Silver MA. Newer inotropic agents for decompensated heart failure. ACC Curr J Rev. 1999;8:35–38
  5. Mathew L, Katz SD. Calcium sensitising agents in heart failure. Drug Aging. 1998;12:191–204
  6. Fuentes VL. Use of pimobendan in the management of heart failure. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2004;34:1145–1155
  7. Rüegg JC. Effects of new inotropic Ca++ sensitivity of contractile proteins. Circulation. 1986;73:78–84
  8. Kitzen JM, Lynch JJ, Driscoll EM, et al. Cardiac electrophysiologic and hemodynamic activity of pimobendan (UD-CG 115 BS), a new inotropic agent. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1988;244:929–939
  9. Iwasaki A, Matsumori A, Yamada T, et al. Pimobendan inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines and gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in a murine model of viral myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33:1400–1407
  10. Fujimoto S, Ishida H, Kato S, et al. The novel insulinotropic mechanism of pimobendan: direct enhancement of the exocytotic process of insulin secretory granules by increased Ca2+ sensitivity in beta-cells. Endocrinology. 1998;139:1133–1140
  11. Clinical Pharmacology (Vetmedin detail sheet 2). Ingelheim: Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica gmbh; 2007;
  12. Chu KM, Shieh SM, Hu OY. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of enantiomers of pimobendan in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure after single and repeated oral dosing. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1995;57:610–621
  13. Kubo SH, Gollub S, Bourge R, et al. Beneficial effects of pimobendan on exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with heart failure (Results of a multicenter trial. The Pimobendan Multicenter Research Group). Circulation. 1992;85:942–949
  14. Rector TS, Cohn JN. Assessment of patient outcome with the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire: reliability and validity during a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pimobendan (Pimobendan Multicenter Research Group). Am Heart J. 1992;124:1017–1025
  15. Baumann G, Ningel K, Permanetter B. Cardiovascular profile of UDCG 115 BS-pimobendane and reversibility of catecholamine subsensitivity in severe congestive heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1989;13:730–738
  16. Hagemeijer F. Hemodynamic performance during exercise in patients with severe chronic congestive heart failure before and after a single dose of pimobendan. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1994;23:741–746
  17. Hagemeijer F, Brand HJ, Roth W. Cardiovascular effects and plasma level profile of pimobendan (UD-CG 115 BS) and its metabolite UD-CG 212 in patients with congestive heart failure after single and repeated oral dosing. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1989;14:302–310
  18. Katz SD, Kubo SH, Jessup M, et al. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pimobendan, a new cardiotonic and vasodilator agent, in patients with severe congestive heart failure. Am Heart J. 1992;123:95–103
  19. Lubsen J, Just H, Hjalmarsson AC, et al. Effect of pimobendan on exercise capacity in patients with heart failure: main results from the pimobendan in Congestive Heart Failure (PICO) trial. Heart. 1996;76:223–231
  20. Remme WJ, Krayenbuhl HP, Baumann G, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of pimobendan in moderate heart failure (A double-blind parallel 6-month comparison with enalapril. The Pimobendan-Enalapril Study Group). Eur Heart J. 1994;15:947–956
  21. Pagel PS, Hettrick DA, Warltier DC. Comparison of the effects of levosimendan, pimobendan, and milrinone on canine left ventricular-arterial coupling and mechanical efficiency. Basic Res Cardiol. 1996;91:296–307
  22. Pagel PS, Hettrick DA, Warltier DC. Influence of levosimendan, pimobendan, and milrinone on the regional distribution of cardiac output in anaesthetized dogs. Br J Pharmacol. 1996;119:609–615
  23. Ohte N, Cheng CP, Suzuki M, et al. The cardiac effects of pimobendan (but not amrinone) are preserved at rest and during exercise in conscious dogs with pacing-induced heart failure. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997;282:23–31
  24. Fuentes VL, Corcoran B, French A, et al. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of pimobendan in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy. J Vet Intern Med. 2002;16:255–261
  25. Haggstrom J, Boswood A, O'Grady M, et al. Effect of pimobendan or benazepril hydrochloride on survival times in dogs with congestive heart failure caused by naturally occurring myxomatous mitral valve disease: the QUEST study. J Vet Intern Med. 2008;22:1124–1135
  26. Lombard CW. Pimobendan in congestive heart failure. In: 2003;Proceedings of the Forum of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Lakewood, CO
  27. Lee JA, Ruegg JC, Allen DG. Effects of pimobendan, a novel inotropic agent, on intracellular calcium and tension in isolated ferret ventricular muscle. Clin Sci (Lond). 1989;76:609–618
  28. Komukai K, Kurihara S. Mechanisms of the inotropic effects of UD-CG 212 Cl, an active metabolite of pimobendan, on ferret papillary muscles. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1996;27:673–679
  29. Tejerina T, Sesin J, Delgado C, et al. Effects of pimobendan and UD-CG-212 CL on calcium exchange and contraction in isolated rabbit aorta. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1990;305:69–85
  30. Sugawara H, Sakurai K, Atsumi H, et al. Differential alteration of cardiotonic effects of EMD 57033 and b-adrenoreceptor agonists in volume-overload rabbit ventricular myocytes. J Card Fail. 2000;6:338–349
  31. Brunkhorst D, v der Leyen H, Meyer W. Relation of positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of pimobendan, UD-CG 212 Cl, milrinone and other phosphodiesterase inhibitors to phosphodiesterase III inhibition in guinea-pig heart. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1989;339:575–583
  32. Holubarsch C, Hasenfuss G, Just H, et al. Influence of the positive inotropic substance pimobendan (UD-CG 115 BS) on contractile economy of guinea pig papillary muscles. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1989;14(suppl 2):S13–S17
  33. Matsui K, Kiyosue T, Wang JC, et al. Effects of pimobendan on the L-type Ca2+ current and developed tension in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes and papillary muscle: comparison with IBMX, milrinone, and cilostazol. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1999;13:105–113
  34. vanMeel JC, Mauz AB, Wienen W, et al. Pimobendan increases survival of cardiomyopathic hamsters. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1989;13:508–509
  35. Du CK, Morimoto S, Nishii K, et al. Knock-in mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy caused by troponin mutation. Circ Res. 2007;101:185–194
  36. Mitchell EB, Zehnder AM, Hsu A, et al. Pimobendan: treatment of heart failure in small mammals. In: 2008;p. 71–79Proceedings of the Association of Exotic Mammal Veterinarians meeting, Savannah, Georgia
  37. Sedacca CD, Campbell TW, Bright JM, et al. Chronic cor pulmonale secondary to pulmonary atherosclerosis in an African Grey parrot. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2009;234:1055–1059
  38. Oglesbee BL, Lehmkuhl L. Congestive heart failure associated with myxomatous degeneration of the left atrioventricular valve in a parakeet. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2001;218:376–380
  39. Pees M, Schmidt V, Coles B, et al. Diagnosis and long-term therapy of right-sided heart failure in a yellow-crowned amazon (Amazona ochrocephala). Vet Rec. 2006;158:445–447
  40. Pees M, Straub J, Krautwald-Junghanns ME. Insufficiency of the muscular atrioventricular valve in the heart of a blue-fronted amazon (Amazona aestiva aestiva). Vet Rec. 2001;148:540–543
  41. Phalen DN, Hays HB, Filippich LJ, et al. Heart failure in a macaw with atherosclerosis of the aorta and brachiocephalic arteries. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1996;209:1435–1440

PII: S1557-5063(09)00119-0

doi: 10.1053/j.jepm.2009.09.010

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine
Volume 18, Issue 4 , Pages 311-313 , October 2009