Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine
Volume 18, Issue 3 , Pages 187-193 , July 2009

Solving Problems in Avian Practice

  • Jennifer E. Graham, DVM, Dip. ABVP (Avian), Dip. ACZM

      Affiliations

    • Department of Avian and Exotic Animal Medicine, Angell Animal Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: Jennifer E. Graham, DVM, Dip. ABVP (Avian), Dip. ACZM, Staff Veterinarian, Avian and Exotic Animal Medicine, Angell Animal Medical Center, 350 S Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02130
    • ,
  • Lisa A. Tell, DVM, Dip. ABVP (Avian), Dip. ACZM

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA USA

References 

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  3. Van Sant F. Zinc toxicosis in a hyacinth macaw. Proc Assoc Avian Vet. 1991;255–259
  4. Lumeij JT. Gastroenterology. In:  Ritchie BW,  Harrison GJ,  Harrison LR editor. Avian Medicine: Principles and Application. Lake Worth, FL: Wingers Publishing; 1994;p. 482–521
  5. Oglesbee BL. Differential diagnosis. In:  Altman RB,  Clubb SL,  Dorrestein GM,  Quesenberry K editor. Avian Medicine and Surgery. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1997;p. 223–231
  6. Hoefer HL. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In:  Altman RB,  Clubb SL,  Dorrestein GM,  Quesenberry K editor. Avian Medicine and Surgery. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1997;p. 419–453
  7. Rupley AE. Gastrointestinal signs. In:  Rupley AE editors. Manual of Avian Practice. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1997;p. 96
  8. Fudge AM. Laboratory reference ranges for selected avian, mammalian, and reptilian species. In:  Fudge AM editors. Laboratory Medicine Avian and Exotic Pets. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2000;p. 375–400
  9. Puschner B, St. Leger J, Galey FD. Normal and toxic zinc concentrations in serum/plasma and liver of psittacines with respect to genus differences. J Vet Diagn Invest. 1999;11:522–527
  10. Tully TN. Psittacine therapeutics. Vet Clin North Am Exotic Anim Pract. 2000;3:59–90
  11. Greenacre CB, Ritchie BW. Lead and zinc toxicosis from a retained projectile in a bird. Compend Contin Educ. 1999;21:381–383
  12. Morris PJ, Jensen J, Applehans F. Lead and zinc toxicosis in a blue and gold macaw (Ara ararauna) caused by ingestion of hardware cloth. Proc Am Assoc Zoo Vet. 1985;13–17
  13. Reece RL, Dickson DB, Burrowes PJ. Zinc toxicity (new wire disease) in aviary birds. Aust Vet J. 1986;63:199
  14. Doneley R. Zinc toxicity in caged and aviary birds—“new wire disease”. Aust Vet J. 1992;22:6–8
  15. Holz P, Phelan J, Slocombe R, et al. Suspected zinc toxicosis as a cause of sudden death in orange bellied parrots (Neophema chrysogaster). J Avian Med Surg. 2000;14:37–41
  16. Droual R, Meteyer CU, Galey FD. Zinc toxicosis due to ingestion of a penny in a gray-headed chachalaca (Ortalis cinereiceps). Avian Dis. 1991;35:1007–1011
  17. Howard BR. Health risks of housing small psittacines in galvanized wire mesh cages. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1992;200:1667–1674
  18. Gasaway WC, Buss IO. Zinc toxicity in the mallard duck. J Wildl Manage. 1972;36:1107–1117
  19. Dewar WA, Wight PAL, Pearson RA, et al. Toxic effects of high concentrations of zinc oxide in the diet of the chick and laying hen. Br Poult Sci. 1983;24:397–404
  20. Kazacos EA, Van Vleet JF. Sequential ultrastructural changes of the pancreas in zinc toxicosis in ducklings. Am J Pathol. 1989;134:581–595
  21. Wight PAL, Dewar WA, Saunderson CL. Zinc toxicity in the fowl: ultrastructural pathology and relationship to selenium, lead and copper. Avian Pathol. 1986;15:23–38
  22. Lu J, Combs GF. Effect of excess dietary zinc on pancreatic exocrine function in the chick. J Nutr. 1988;118:681–689
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  24. Osofsky A, Jowett PLH, Hosgood G, et al. Determination of normal blood concentrations of lead, zinc, copper, and iron in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots. J Avian Med Surg. 2001;15:31–36
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  26. Rosenthal KL, Johnston MS, Shofer FS, et al. Psittacine plasma concentrations of elements: daily fluctuations and clinical implications. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2005;17:238–244
  27. Puschner B, Poppenga R. Lead and zinc intoxication in companion birds. Comp Cont Ed Vet. CompendiumVet.com. January 2009;E1–E12

PII: S1557-5063(09)00065-2

doi: 10.1053/j.jepm.2009.06.010

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine
Volume 18, Issue 3 , Pages 187-193 , July 2009

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