Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine
Volume 18, Issue 2 , Pages 117-139 , April 2009

Blood Collection Techniques in Exotic Small Mammals

  • Janis Ott Joslin, DVM

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: Janis Ott Joslin, DVM, Professor, Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, 309 East 2nd St, Pomona, CA 91766

References 

  1. Fluttert M, Dalm S, Oitzl MS. A refined method for sequential blood sampling by tail incision in rats. Lab Anim. 2000;34:372–378
  2. McClure DE. Clinical pathology and sample collection in the laboratory rodent. Vet Clin North Am Exotic Anim Pract. 1999;2:565–590
  3. Marini RP, Jackson LR, Esteves MI, et al. Effect of isoflurane on hematological variables in ferrets. Am J Vet Res. 1994;55:1479–1483
  4. Dyer SM, Cervasio EL. An overview of restraint and blood collection techniques in exotic pet practice. Vet Clin North Am Exotic Anim. 2008;11:423–443
  5. Donnelly TM, Brown CJ. Guinea pig and chinchilla care and husbandry. Vet Clin North Am Exotic Anim. 2004;7:351–373
  6. Brown CJ, Donnelly TM. Rodent husbandry and care. Vet Clin North Am Exotic Anim. 2004;7:201–225
  7. Bixler H, Ellis C. Ferret care and husbandry. Vet Clin North Am Exotic Anim. 2004;7:227–255
  8. Pilny AA, Hess L. Prairie dog care and husbandry. Vet Clin North Am Exotic Anim. 2004;7:269–282
  9. Bradley T. Rabbit care and husbandry. Vet Clin North Am Exotic Anim. 2004;7:299–313
  10. Simone-Freilicher EA, Hoefer HL. Hedgehog care and husbandry. Vet Clin North Am Exotic Anim. 2004;7:257–267
  11. Fowler ME. Restraint and Handling of Wild and Domestic Animals. (ed 3). Ames, IA: Wiley-Blackwell; 2008;
  12. In:  West G,  Heard D,  Caulkett N editor. Zoo Animal and Wildlife Immobilization and Anesthesia. Ames, IA: Blackwell Publishing; 2007;
  13. Longley LA. Anaesthesia of Exotic Pets. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2008;
  14. McGuill MW, Rowen AN. Biological effects of blood loss: implications for sampling volumes and techniques. Inst Lab Anim Res. 1989;31:5–18
  15. Florida Atlantic University Veterinary Services. Common blood collection and injection sites in laboratory animals. URL: http://www.fau.edu/research/ovs/administration/BloodCollection.php(accessed 13 April 2009)
  16. Ness RD. Clinical pathology and sample collection of exotic small mammals. Vet Clin North Am Exotic Anim Pract. 1999;2:591–620
  17. Marini RP, Callahan RJ, Jackson LR, et al. Distribution of technetium 99m-labeled red blood cells during isoflurane anesthesia in ferrets. Am J Vet Res. 1997;58:781–785
  18. Argmann CA, Auwerx J. Collection of blood and plasma from the mouse. Curr Protoc Molec Biol. 2006;Chapter 29: unit 29A.3
  19. Rand MS. Handling, Restraint, and Techniques of Laboratory Rodents. In: Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona; May 2001;p. 9;Available from: URL:http://test28.biocom.arizona.edu/animalcare/pdfs/RodentHandling.pdf (accessed Jan 24, 2009)
  20. Hoff J. Methods of blood collection in the mouse. Lab Anim. 2000;29:47–53
  21. Tuli JS, Smith JA, Morton DB. Corticosterone, adrenal and spleen weight in mice after tail bleeding, and its effect on nearby animals. Lab Anim. 1995;29:90–95
  22. Hem A, Smith AJ, Solberg P. Saphenous vein puncture for blood sampling of the mouse, rat, hamster, gerbil, guinea pig, ferret and mink. Lab Anim. 1998;32:364–368
  23. Golde WT, Gollobin P, Rodriquez LL. A rapid, simple, and humane method for submandibular bleeding of mice using a lancet. Lab Anim. 2005;34:39–43
  24. Toft MF, Peterson MH, Dragsted N, et al. The impact of different blood sampling methods on laboratory rats under different types of anaesthesia. Lab Anim. 2006;40:261–274
  25. Carvalho JS, Shapiro R, Hopper P, et al. Methods for serial study of the renin-angiotensin system in the anesthetized rat. Am J Physiol. 1975;228:369–375
  26. Minasian H. A simple tourniquet to aid mouse tail venipuncture. Lab Anim. 1980;14:205
  27. Dürschlag M, Würbel H, Stauffacher M, et al. Repeated blood collection in the laboratory mouse by tail incision—a modification of an old technique. Physiol Behav. 1996;60:1565–1568
  28. Frankenberg L. Cardiac puncture in the mouse through the anterior thoracic aperture. Lab Anim. 1979;13:311–312
  29. Adam RA. Techniques of experimentation. In:  Fox JG,  Anderson LC,  Loew FM,  Quimby FW editor. Laboratory Animal Medicine. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 2002;p. 1005–1045
  30. Vahl TP, Ulrich-Lai YM, Ostrander MM, et al. Comparative analysis of ACTH and corticosterone sampling methods in rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005;289:E823–E828
  31. Bihunm C, Bauck L. Basic anatomy, physiology, and clinical techniques. In:  Quesenberry KE,  Carpenter JW editor. Ferrets, Rabbits and Rodents: Clinical Medicine and Surgery. St Louis, MO: Saunders; 2003;p. 286–298
  32. Jekl V, Hauptman K, Jeklová E, et al. Blood sampling from the cranial vena cava in the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus). Lab Anim. 2005;39:236–239
  33. Snitily MU, Gentry MJ, Mellencamp MA, et al. A simple method for collection of blood from the rat foot. Lab Anim Sci. 1991;41:285–287
  34. Timm KI. Orbital venous anatomy of the rat. Lab Anim Sci. 1979;29:636–638
  35. Timm KI. Orbital venous anatomy of the Mongolian gerbil with comparison to the mouse, hamster and rat. Lab Anim Sci. 1989;39:262–264
  36. Mahl A, Heining P, Ulrich P, et al. Comparison of clinical pathology parameters with two different blood sampling techniques in rats: retrobulbar plexus versus sublingual vein. Lab Anim. 2000;34:351–361
  37. Friedel R, Trautschold I, Gärtner K, et al. Effects of blood sampling on enzyme activities in the serum of small laboratory animals. Z Klin Chem Klin Biochem. 1975;13:499–505
  38. Zeller W, Weber H, Panoussis B, et al. Refinement of blood sampling from the sublingual vein of rats. Lab Anim. 1998;32:369–376
  39. Winsett OE, Townsend CM, Thompson JC. Rapid and repeated blood sampling in the conscious laboratory rat: a new technique. Am J Physiol. 1985;249(1 Pt 1):G145–G146
  40. O'Malley BO. Clinical Anatomy and Physiology of Exotic Species. London: Elsevier, Ltd; 2005;
  41. Shomer NH, Astrofsky KM, Dangler CA, et al. Biomethod for obtaining gastric juice and serum from the unanesthetized guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci. 1999;38:32–35
  42. Klaphake E. Common rodent procedures. Vet Clin North Am Exotic Anim Pract. 2006;9:389–413
  43. Keino M, Hirasawa K, Watari T, et al. Minimally invasive method for collection of blood from guinea pigs. Japan J Infect Dis. 2002;55:27–28
  44. Sorg DA, Buckner B. A simple method of obtaining venous blood from small laboratory animals. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1964;115:1131–1132
  45. Marshall KL. Rabbit hematology. Vet Clin North Am Exotic Anim Pract. 2008;11:551–567
  46. Murray MJ. Rabbit and ferret sampling and artifact considerations. In:  Fudge AM editors. Laboratory Medicine Avian and Exotic Pets. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2000;p. 265–268
  47. Otto G, Rosenblad WD, Fox JG. Practical venipuncture for the ferret. Lab Anim. 1993;27:26–29
  48. Wolf TM. Ferrets. In:  Mitchell MA,  Tully TN editor. Manual of Exotic Pet Practice. St Louis, MO: Saunders; 2009;p. 345–376
  49. Fox JG, Hewes K, Niemi SM. Retro-orbital technique for blood collection from the ferret (Mustela putorius furo). Lab Anim Sci. 1984;34:198–199

PII: S1557-5063(09)00041-X

doi: 10.1053/j.jepm.2009.04.002

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine
Volume 18, Issue 2 , Pages 117-139 , April 2009