Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine
Volume 17, Issue 4 , Pages 285-294 , October 2008

An Overview of Pentastomiasis in Reptiles and Other Vertebrates

  • Jean A. Paré, DMV, DVSc, Dip. ACZM

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: Jean A. Paré, Toronto Zoo, 361A Old Finch Ave, Scarborough, ON M1B 5K7, Canada

References 

  1. Riley J. The biology of pentastomids. Adv Parasitol. 1986;25:45–128
  2. Qiu MH, Ma KC, Fan PC, et al. Discovery of a new species of the pentastomid genus Porocephalus from Taiwan, China and its pathogenic features (Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi). Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis. 2005;23(2):69–72
  3. Jacobson ER. Parasites and parasitic diseases of reptiles. In:  Jacobson ER editors. Infectious Diseases and Pathology of Reptiles. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group; 2007;p. 571–666
  4. In:  Bowman DD editors. Georgi's Parasitology for Veterinarians. (ed 6). Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Company; 1995;
  5. Walossek D, Müller KJ. Pentastomid parasites from the Lower Palaeozoic of Sweden. Trans R Soc Edinburgh. 1994;85:1–73
  6. Maas A, Walossek D. Cambrian derivatives of the early arthropod stem lineage, Pentastomids, Tardigrades and Lobopodians—an ‘Orsten’ perspective. Zoologischer Anzeiger. 2001;240:451–459
  7. Almeida WO, Christofferson ML. A cladistic approach to relationships in Pentastomida. J Parasitol. 1999;85:695–704
  8. Spratt DM. Rileyella petauri gen. nov., sp. nov. (Pentastomida: Cephalobaenida) from the lungs and nasal sinuses of Petaurus breviceps (Marsupiala: Petauridae) in Australia. Parasite. 2003;10:235–241
  9. Drabick JJ. Pentastomiasis. Rev Infect Dis. 1987;9(6):1087–1094
  10. Dollfus RP, Canet J. Sur un Pentastomidé Raillietiella (Heymonsia) hemidactyli supposé susceptible de parasiter l'homme consécutivement à l'ingestion thérapeutique de lézards vivants. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales. 1954;47:401–407
  11. Mairena H, Solano M, Venegas W. Human dermatitis caused by a nymph of Sebekia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1989;41(3):352–354
  12. Almeida WO, Vasconcellos A, Lopes SG, et al. Prevalence and intensity of pentastomid infection in two species of snakes form northeastern Brazil. Braz J Biol. 2007;67(4):759–763
  13. Almeida WO, Brito SV, Ferreira FS, et al. First record of Cephalobaena tetrapoda (Pentastomida: Cephalobaenidae) as a parasite on Liophis lineatus (Ophidia: Colubridae) in Northeast Brazil. Braz J Biol. 2006;66(2A):559–564
  14. Cosgrove GE, Deakins DE, Self JT. Pentastomiasis. In:  Hoff GL,  Frye FL,  Jacobson ER editor. Diseases of Amphibians and Reptiles. New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1984;p. 205–211
  15. Riley J, Self JT. On the systematics and life-cycle of the pentastomid genus Kiricephalus Sambon, 1922 with descriptions of three new species. Syst Parasitol. 1980;1(2):127–140
  16. Slocombe JOD, Budd J. Armillifer brumpti (Pentastomida) in a boa in Canada. J Wildl Dis. 1973;9:352–355
  17. Riley J, Self JT. A redescription of Waddycephalus teretiusculus (Baird, 1862) Sambon, 1922 and a revision of the taxonomy of the genus Waddycephalus (Sambon, 1922) pentastomid parasites of Asian, Australian and Indonesian snakes, with description of eight new species. Syst Parasitol. 1981;3:243–257
  18. Riley J, Self JT. A revision of the pentastomid genus Parasambonia Stunkard & Gandal, 1968: a new generic character, a description of the male, and a new species. Syst Parasitol. 1982;4:125–133
  19. Junker K, Riley J, Boomker J. Redescription of Diesingia megastoma (Diesing, 1836) Sambon, 1922, a pentastomid parasite from the South American terrapin Hydromedusa tectifera Cope. Syst Parasitol. 2003;56:211–218
  20. Junker K, Boomker J. Description of Pelonia africana n. g., n. sp. (Pentastomida: Sebekidae) from the lungs of Pelomedusa subrufa and Pelusios sinuatus (Chelonia) in South Africa. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2002;69(1):53–59
  21. Junker K, Boomker J. A check-list of the pentastomid parasites of crocodilians and freshwater chelonians. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2006;73:27–36
  22. Hoberg EP. Reighardia sternae (Diesing, 1864) (Pentastomida) from seabirds in Antarctica. Can J Zool. 1987;65(5):1289–1291
  23. Riley J, Oaks JL, Gilbert M. Raillietiella trachea, n. sp., a pentastomid from the trachea of an oriental white-backed vulture Gyps bengalensis, taken in Pakistan, with speculation about its life-cycle. Syst Parasitol. 2003;56:155–161
  24. Martínez J, Criado-Fornelio Á, Lanzarot P, et al. A new pentastomid from the black vulture. J Parasitol. 2004;90(5):1103–1105
  25. Barton DP, Riley J. Raillietiella indica (Pentastomida) from the lungs of the giant toad, Bufo marinus (Amphibia), in Hawaii, U.S.A. Comp Parasitol. 2004;71(2):251–254
  26. Adams L, Isaza R, Greiner E. Fatal pentastomiasis in captive African dwarf crocodile hatchlings (Osteolaemus tetraspis). J Zoo Wildl Med. 2001;32(4):500–502
  27. Barton DP. Pentastomid parasites of the introduced Asian house gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus (Gekkonidae), in Australia. Comp Parasitol. 2007;74(2):254–259
  28. Buenviaje GN, Ladds PW, Melville L, et al. Disease-husbandry associations in farmed crocodiles in Queensland and the Northern Territory. Aust Vet J. 1994;71(6):165–173
  29. Ladds PW, Mangunwirjo H, Sebayang D, et al. Diseases in young farmed crocodiles in Irian Jaya. Vet Rec. 1995;136(5):121–124
  30. Flach EJ, Riley J, Mutlow AG, et al. Pentastomiasis in Bosc's monitor lizards (Varanus exanthematicus) caused by an undescribed Sambonia species. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2000;31:91–95
  31. Mader DR. Treating pentastomids in an eastern indigo snake, Drymarchon corais. In: Proceedings of the 7th Annual Conference of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians. 2000;p. 105–106
  32. Baier J. Medical management of pentastomids in a group of Boelen's pythons, Python boeleni. In: Proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians. 2001;p. 125–127
  33. Greiner EC, Mader DR. Parasitology. In:  Mader DR editors. Reptile Medicine and Surgery. (ed 2). St Louis, MO: Saunders/Elsevier; 2006;p. 342–364
  34. Haugerud RE, Nilssen AC, Rognmo A. On the efficacy of ivermectin against the reindeer sinus worm Linguatula arctica (Pentastomida), with a review of ivermectin treatment in deer. Rangifer. 1993;13:157–162
  35. Nilssen AC, Hemmingsen W, Haugerud RE. Failure of two consecutive annual treatments with ivermectin to eradicate the reindeer parasites (Hypoderma tarandi, Cephenemyia trompe, and Linguatula arctica) from an island in northern Norway. Rangifer. 2002;22(2):115–122
  36. Micinilio J. Ivermectin for the treatment of pentastomids in a tokay gecko, Gekko gecko. Bull Assoc Rept Amphib Vet. 1996;6(2):5–6
  37. Wright K. Ivermectin for treatment of pentastomids in the Standing's day gecko, Phelsuma standingi. Bull Assoc Rept Amphib Vet. 1997;7(1):5
  38. Hakalahti T, Lankinen Y, Valtonen ET. Efficacy of emamectin benzoate in the control of Argulus coregoni (Crustacea: Branchiura) on rainbow trout Onchorhynchus mykiss. Dis Aqua Organ. 2004;60(3):197–204

PII: S1557-5063(08)00124-9

doi: 10.1053/j.jepm.2008.07.005

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine
Volume 17, Issue 4 , Pages 285-294 , October 2008