Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine
Volume 17, Issue 3 , Pages 210-215 , July 2008

Case Report: An Avian Pox Outbreak in Captive Psittacine Birds in Chile

  • G. González-Hein, DVM

      Affiliations

    • College of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
    • ,
  • C. González, DVM, MPhil, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Andres Bello University, Santiago, Chile
    • ,
  • H. Hidalgo, DVM, MS

      Affiliations

    • Diseases Diagnostic Laboratory for Wild and Pet Birds, Department of Animal Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: Héctor Hidalgo, DVM, MS, Santa Rosa 11735, La Granja, Casilla 2 Correo 15, Santiago, Chile

References 

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  2. Tripathy DN, Reed WM. Pox. In:  Saif Y,  Barnes H,  Glisson J, et al. editor. Diseases of Poultry. (ed 11). Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press; 2003;p. 253–265
  3. Bolte AL, Meurer J, Kaleta EF. Avian host spectrum of avipox viruses. Avian Pathol. 1999;28:415–432
  4. Gerlach H, Ramis A, Enders F, et al. Avian pox in lories (Neopsittacus): a case report. Proceedings of International Virtual Conferences in Veterinary Medicine: Diseases of Psittacine Birds (The University of Georgia). 1998;http://www.vet.uga.edu/vpp/ivcvm/1998/index.php
  5. Forrester DJ. The ecology and epizootiology of avian pox and malaria in wild turkey. J Vector Ecol. 1991;16:127–148
  6. Ritchie BW. Poxviridae. In:  Ritchie BW,  Carter K editor. Avian Viruses Function and Control. Lake Worth, FL: Wingers Publishing, Inc; 1995;p. 285–299
  7. Greenacre CB. Viral diseases of companion birds. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 2005;8:85–105
  8. Tsai SS, Chang TC, Yang SF, et al. Unusual lesions associated with avian poxvirus infection in rosy-faced lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis). Avian Pathol. 1997;26:75–82
  9. van Riper C, van Riper SG, Hansen RW. Epizootiology and effect of avian pox on Hawaiian forest birds. The Auk. 2002;119:929–942
  10. Olmos RP, Martinez LB, Lopez EJ, et al. Patogenicidad y antigenicidad de un aislamiento sospechoso de viruela de los loros (Amazona stivae), en gallinas. Vet Mex. 1986;17:104–109
  11. Lawrence L, Petrak ML. Diseases of the digestive system. In:  Petrak ML editors. Diseases of Cage and Aviary Birds. (ed 2). Philadelphia PA: Lea & Feibiger; 1982;p. 432–448
  12. Gerlach H. Viruses. In:  Ritchie BW,  Harrison LR,  Harrison GJ editor. Avian Medicine: Principles and Application. Brentwood, TN: HBD International Inc; 1999;p. 862–940
  13. Tripathy DN. Pox. In:  Purchase HG,  Arp LH,  Domermuth CH, et al. editor. A Laboratory Manual for the Isolation and Identification of Avian Pathogens. (ed 3). Philadelphia PA: American Association of Avian Pathologists; 1989;p. 103–105
  14. Gonzalez GH, Hidalgo H. Estudio de un brote de viruela aviar en aves Psittaciformes de un aviario de Chile Central, in XIII Congreso Chileno de Medicina Veterinaria. In: Valdivia, Chile: Asociación de Facultades y Escuelas de Medicina Veterinaria de Chile; 2004;p. 1–2
  15. Rupiper JD, Carpenter JM, Mashima T. Formulary. In:  Olsen GH,  Orosz SE editor. Manual of Avian Medicine. (ed 1). St Louis MO: Mosby; 1999;p. 553–590
  16. Dorrestein GM. Update in Avian Chemotherapy. In: Proc Annual Meeting Assoc Avian Vet. Houston TX. 1988;p. 119–123
  17. Ritchie BW, Harrison GJ. Formulary. In:  Ritchie BW,  Harrison LR,  Harrison GJ editor. Avian Medicine: Principles and Application. Brentwood, TN: HBD International Inc; 1999;p. 457–478
  18. Smits JE, Tella JL, Carrete M, et al. An epizootic of avian pox in endemic short-toed larks (Calandrella rufescens) and Berthelot's pipits (Anthus berthelotti) in the canary Islands. Span Vet Pathol. 2005;42:59–65
  19. Emanuelson S, Carney J, Saito J. Avian pox in two black-masked conures. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1978;173:1249–1250
  20. McDonald SE, Lowenstine LJ, Ardans AA. Avian pox in blue-fronted amazon parrots. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1981;179:1218–1222
  21. Lüschow D, Hoffmann T, Hafez HM. Differentiation of avian poxvirus strains on the basis of nucleotide sequences of 4b gene fragment. Avian Dis. 2004;48:453–462

PII: S1557-5063(08)00059-1

doi: 10.1053/j.jepm.2008.05.008

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine
Volume 17, Issue 3 , Pages 210-215 , July 2008

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